Đề tài thần thánh trong thần thoại Hy Lạp là một kho tàng để mỹ thuật đơm hoa kết trái trong suốt chiều dài lịch sử. Một phần vì nó hay, một phần cũng do giáo hội từng là nhà bảo trợ nghệ thuật trong nhiều thế kỷ khiến cho người họa sĩ muốn sáng tác phải mượn làm cái cớ để sáng tác.
Major gods and goddesses
Aphrodite (Ἀφροδίτη, Aphroditē)
Goddess of beauty, love, desire, and pleasure. Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers, most notably Ares, Adonis, and Anchises. She was depicted as an extraordinarily beautiful woman, with poets praising the radiance of her smile in particular. Her symbols include roses and other flowers, the scallop shell, and the myrtle wreath. Her sacred animals include doves and sparrows. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.
Apollo (Ἀπόλλων, Apóllōn)
God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, manly beauty, and archery. He is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis. Both Apollo and Artemis use a bow and arrow. Apollo is often incorrectly identified as the god of the sun. Although Apollo is the god of the sun in Roman mythology, Helios is the god of the sun in Greek mythology. In sculpture, Apollo is depicted as a very handsome, beardless young man with long hair and an ideal physique. As the embodiment of perfectionism, he could be cruel and destructive, and his love affairs were rarely happy. He often appears in the company of the Muses. His attributes include the laurel wreath and lyre. His sacred animals include roe deer, swans, cicadas, hawks, ravens, crows, foxes, mice, and snakes. His Roman counterpart is also named Apollo.
Ares (Ἄρης, Árēs)
God of war, bloodshed, and violence. The son of Zeus and Hera, he was depicted as a beardless youth, either nude with a helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior. Homer portrays him as moody and unreliable, and he generally represents the chaos of war in contrast to Athena, a goddess of military strategy and skill. Ares is known for cuckolding his brother Hephaestus and conducting an affair with Aphrodite. His sacred animals include vultures, venomous snakes, dogs, and boars. His Roman counterpart Mars by contrast was regarded as the dignified ancestor of the Roman people.
Artemis (Ἄρτεμις, Ártemis)
Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals, young girls, childbirth, and plague. In later times Artemis became associated with bows and arrows. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and twin sister of Apollo. In art she is often depicted as a young woman dressed in a short knee-length chiton and equipped with a hunting bow and a quiver of arrows. Her attributes include hunting spears, animal pelts, deer and other wild animals. Her sacred animals include deer, bears, and wild boars. Her Roman counterpart is Diana.
Athena (Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ)
Goddess of reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, and handicrafts. According to most traditions, she was born from Zeus's forehead, fully formed and armored. She is depicted as being crowned with a crested helm, armed with shield and spear, and wearing the aegis over a long dress. Poets describe her as "grey-eyed" or having especially bright, keen eyes. She is a special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. She is the patron of the city Athens (which was named after her) and is attributed to various inventions in arts and literature. Her symbol is the olive tree. She is commonly shown as being accompanied by her sacred animal, the owl. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.
Demeter (Δημήτηρ, Dēmētēr)
Goddess of grain, agriculture, harvest, growth, and nourishment. Demeter is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea, and a sister of Zeus, by whom she bore Persephone. Demeter is one of the main deities of the Eleusinian Mysteries, in which her power over the life cycle of plants symbolizes the passage of the human soul through life and into the afterlife. She is depicted as a mature woman, often crowned and holding sheafs of wheat and a torch. Her symbols are the cornucopia, wheat-ears, the winged serpent, and the lotus staff. Her sacred animals include pigs and snakes. Her Roman counterpart is Ceres.
Dionysus (Διόνυσος, Diónysos)/Bacchus (Βάκχος, Bákkhos)
God of wine, fruitfulness, parties, festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness, vegetation, and ecstasy. In art he is depicted as either an older bearded god or an effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes include the thyrsus, a drinking cup, the grape vine, and a crown of ivy. He is often in the company of his thiasos, a group of attendants including satyrs, maenads, and his old tutor Silenus. The consort of Dionysus was Ariadne. His sacred animals include dolphins, serpents, tigers, and donkeys. A later addition to the Olympians, in some accounts he replaced Hestia. Bacchus was another name for him in Greek, and came into common usage among the Romans.
Hades (ᾍδης, Hádēs)/Pluto (Πλούτων, Ploutōn)
God of the underworld and the dead. His consort is Persephone. His attributes are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, sceptre, and the three-headed dog Cerberus. His sacred animals include the screech owl. He was one of three sons of Cronus and Rhea, and thus sovereign over one of the three realms of the universe, the underworld. As a chthonic god, however, his place among the Olympians is ambiguous. In the mystery religions and Athenian literature, Pluto ("the Rich") was his preferred name, with Hades referring to the underworld itself. The Romans translated Plouton as Dis Pater ("the Rich Father") or Pluto.
Hephaestus (Ἥφαιστος, Hḗphaistos)
God of fire, metalworking, and crafts. Either the son of Zeus and Hera or Hera alone, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of the adulterous Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded, crippled man with hammer, tongs, and anvil, and sometimes riding a donkey. His sacred animals include the donkey, the guard dog, and the crane. Among his creations was the armor of Achilles. Hephaestus used the fire of the forge as a creative force, but his Roman counterpart Vulcan was feared for his destructive potential and associated with the volcanic power of the earth.
Hera (Ἥρα, Hḗra)
Queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires. She is the wife and sister of Zeus, and the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. She was usually depicted as a regal woman in the prime of her life, wearing a diadem and veil and holding a lotus-tipped staff. Although she is the goddess of marriage, Zeus's many infidelities drive her to jealousy and vengefulness. Her sacred animals include the heifer, the peacock, and the cuckoo. Her Roman counterpart is Juno.
Hermes (Ἑρμῆς, Hērmēs)
God of boundaries, travel, communication, trade, language, and writing. The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals include the tortoise. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.
Hestia (Ἑστία, Hestía)
Virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and chastity. She is a daughter of Rhea and Cronus, and a sister of Zeus. Not often identifiable in Greek art, she appeared as a modestly veiled woman. Her symbols are the hearth and kettle. In some accounts, she gave up her seat as one of the Twelve Olympians in favor of Dionysus, and she plays little role in Greek myths. Her Roman counterpart Vesta, however, was a major deity of the Roman state.
Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν, Poseidōn)
God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, and earthquakes. He is a son of Cronus and Rhea, and the brother of Zeus and Hades. He rules one of the three realms of the universe, as king of the sea and the waters. In art he is depicted as a mature man of sturdy build, often with a luxuriant beard, and holding a trident. His sacred animals include the horse and the dolphin. His wedding with Amphitrite is often presented as a triumphal procession. In some stories he rapes Medusa, leading to her transformation into a hideous Gorgon and also to the birth of their two children, Pegasus and Chrysaor. His Roman counterpart is Neptune.
Zeus (Ζεύς, Zeus)
King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea. He overthrew Cronus and gained the sovereignty of heaven for himself. In art he is depicted as a regal, mature man with a sturdy figure and dark beard. His usual attributes are the royal scepter and the lightning bolt. His sacred animals include the eagle and the bull. His Roman counterpart is Jupiter, also known as Jove.
Primordial deities
Achlys
The goddess of poisons and the "Death-Mist", and personification of misery and sadness. Said to have existed before Chaos itself.
Aion
The god of eternity, personifying cyclical and unbounded time. Sometimes equated with Chronos.
Aether
The god of light and the upper atmosphere.
Ananke
The goddess of inevitability, compulsion, and necessity.
Chaos
The personification of nothingness from which all of existence sprang. Depicted as a void. Initially genderless, later on described as female.
Chronos
The god of empirical time, sometimes equated with Aion. Not to be confused with the Titan Cronus (Kronos), the father of Zeus.
Erebus
The god of darkness and shadow.
Eros
The god of love and attraction.
Hemera
The goddess of day.
Hypnos
The personification of sleep.
Gaia (Gaea)
Personification of the Earth (Mother Earth); mother of the Titans.
Nemesis
The goddess of retribution.
The Nesoi
The goddesses of the islands and sea.
Nyx
The goddess of night.
Uranus
The god of the heavens (Father Sky); father of the Titans.
The Ourea
The gods of mountains.
Phanes
The god of procreation in the Orphic tradition.
Pontus
The god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures.
Tartarus
The god of the deepest, darkest part of the underworld, the Tartarean pit (which is also referred to as Tartarus itself).
Thalassa
Personification of the sea and consort of Pontus.
Thanatos
God of Death. Brother to Hypnos (Sleep) and in some cases Moros (Doom)
Titans and Titanesses
The Titans and Titanesses are depicted in Greek art less commonly than the Olympians.
The Twelve Titans
Coeus
Titan of intellect and the axis of heaven around which the constellations revolved.
Crius
The least individualized of the Twelve Titans, he is the father of Astraeus, Pallas, and Perses. Implied to be the Titan of constellations.
Cronus
Titan of harvests and personification of destructive time. The leader of the Titans, who overthrew his father Uranus only to be overthrown in turn by his son, Zeus. Not to be confused with Chronos.
Ὑπερίων (Hyperíōn)
Hyperion
Titan of light. With Theia, he is the father of Helios (the sun), Selene (the moon), and Eos (the dawn).
Ἰαπετός (Iapetós)
Iapetus
Titan of mortality and father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius, and Atlas.
Mνημοσύνη (Mnēmosýnē)
Mnemosyne
Titaness of memory and remembrance, and mother of the Nine Muses.
Ὠκεανός (Ōceanós)
Oceanus
Titan of the all-encircling river Oceans around the earth, the fount of all the Earth's fresh-water.
Φοίβη (Phoíbē)
Phoebe
Titaness of the "bright" intellect and prophecy, and consort of Koios.
Ῥέα (Rhéa)
Rhea
Titaness of fertility, motherhood and the mountain wilds. She is the sister and consort of Cronus, and mother of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, and Hestia.
Τηθύς (Tēthýs)
Tethys
Titaness of fresh-water, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains, and clouds.
Θεία (Theía)
Theia
Titaness of sight and the shining light of the clear blue sky. She is the consort of Hyperion, and mother of Helios, Selene, and Eos.
Θέμις (Thémis)
Themis
Titaness of divine law and order.
Other Titans
Ἀστερία (Astería)
Asteria
Titaness of nocturnal oracles and falling stars.
Ἀστραῖος (Astraîos)
Astraeus
Titan of dusk, stars, and planets, and the art of astrology.
Ἄτλας (Átlas)
Atlas
Titan forced to carry the heavens upon his shoulders by Zeus. Also Son of Iapetus.
Αὔρα (Aúra)
Aura
Titaness of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning.
Κλυμένη (Clyménē)
Clymene
Titaness of renown, fame, and infamy, and wife of Iapetus.
Διώνη (Diṓnē)
Dione
Titaness of the oracle of Dodona.
Ἥλιος (Hḗlios)
Helios
Titan of the sun and guardian of oaths.
Σελήνη (Selḗnē)
Selene
Titaness of the moon.
Ἠώς (Ēṓs)
Eos
Titaness of the dawn.
Ἐπιμηθεύς (Epimētheús)
Epimetheus
Titan of afterthought and the father of excuses.
Εὐρυβία (Eurybía)
Eurybia
Titaness of the mastery of the seas and consort of Krios.
Εὐρυνόμη (Eurynómē)
Eurynome
Titaness of water-meadows and pasturelands, and mother of the three Charites by Zeus.
Λήλαντος (Lēlantos)
Lelantos
Titan of air and the hunter's skill of stalking prey. He is the male counterpart of Leto.
Λητώ (Lētṓ)
Leto
Titaness of motherhood and mother of the twin Olympians, Artemis and Apollo.
Μενοίτιος (Menoítios)
Menoetius
Titan of violent anger, rash action, and human mortality. Killed by Zeus.
Μῆτις (Mē̂tis)
Metis
Titaness of good counsel, advice, planning, cunning, craftiness, and wisdom. Mother of Athena.
Ὀφίων (Ophíōn)
Ophion
An elder Titan, in some versions of the myth he ruled the Earth with his consort Eurynome before Cronus overthrew him. Another account describes him as a snake, born from the "World Egg"
Πάλλας (Pállas)
Pallas
Titan of warcraft. He was killed by Athena during the Titanomachy.
Πέρσης (Pérsēs)
Perses
Titan of destruction.
Προμηθεύς (Promētheús)
Prometheus
Titan of forethought and crafty counsel, and creator of mankind.
Στύξ (Stýx)
Styx
Titaness of the Underworld river Styx and personification of hatred.
Gigantes and other "giants"[edit]
Gigantes[edit]
Athena (left) fighting Enceladus (inscribed retrograde) on an Attic red-figure dish, c. 550–500 BC (Louvre CA3662).[1]
The Gigantes were the offspring of Gaia (Earth), born from the blood that fell when Uranus (Sky) was castrated by their Titan son Cronus, who fought the Gigantomachy, their war with the Olympian gods for supremecy of the cosmos, they include:
Agrius (Ἄγριος), he was killed by the Moirai.
Alcyoneus (Ἀλκυονεύς), a giant usually considered to be one of the Gigantes, slain by Heracles.
Chthonius (Χθονιος).
Clytius (Κλυτίος), killed by Hecate with her torches.
Enceladus (Ἐγκέλαδος), typically slain by Athena, said to be buried under Mount Etna in Sicily.
Ephialtes (Ἐφιάλτης), according to Apollodorus, he was blinded by arrows from Apollo and Heracles.
Eurymedon (Ευρυμέδων), he was a king of the Giants and father of Periboea.
Eurytus (Εὔρυτος), he was killed by Dionysus with his thyrsus.
Gration (Γρατίων), he was killed by Artemis.
Hippolytus (Ἱππόλυτος), he was killed by Hermes, who was wearing Hades' helmet, which made its wearer invisible.
Leon (Λεων), possibly one of the Gigantes, killed by Heracles.
Mimas (Μίμας), according to Apollodorus, he was killed by Hephaestus, or by others Zeus or Ares.
Pallas (Πάλλας), according to Apollodorus, he was flayed by Athena, who used his skin as a shield.
Polybotes (Πολυβώτης), typically slain by Poseidon.
Porphyrion (Πορφυρίων), one of the leaders of the Gigantes, typically slain by Zeus.
Thoas/Thoon (Θοων), he was killed by the Moirai.
Other "giants"[edit]
Aloadae (Ἀλῳάδαι), twin giants who attempted to climb to Olympus by piling mountains on top of each other.
Otus or Otos (Ότος)
Ephialtes (Εφιάλτης)
Anax (Αναξ) was a giant of the island of Lade near Miletos in Lydia, Anatolia.
Antaeus (Ἀνταῖος), a Libyan giant who wrestled all visitors to the death until he was slain by Heracles
Antiphates (Ἀντιφάτης), the king of the man-eating giants known as Laestrygones which were encountered by Odysseus on his travels.
Argus Panoptes (Ἄργος Πανόπτης), a hundred-eyed giant tasked with guarding over Io
Asterius (Αστεριος), a Lydian giant.
Cacus (Κακος), a fire-breathing Latin giant slain by Heracles.
Cyclopes (Elder), three one-eyed giants who forged the lightning-bolts of Zeus, Trident of Poseidon and Helmet of Hades
Arges (Ἄργης)
Brontes (Βρόντης)
Steropes (Στερόπης)
Cyclopes (Younger), a tribe of one-eyed, man-eating giants who herded flocks of sheep on the island of Sicily
Polyphemus (Πολύφημος), a cyclops who briefly captured Odysseus and his men, only to be overcome and blinded by the hero
The Gegenees (Γηγενέες), a tribe of six-armed giants fought by the Argonauts on Bear Mountain in Mysia
Geryon (Γηρυων), a three-bodied giant who dwelt on the sunset isle at the ends of the earth. He was slain by Heracles when the hero arrived to fetch the giant's cattle as one of his twelve labours.
The Hekatonkheires (Ἑκατόγχειρες), or Centimanes (Latin), the Hundred-Handed Ones, giant gods of violent storms and hurricanes. Three sons of Uranus and Gaia, each with their own distinct characters.[2]
Briareus (Βριάρεως) or Aigaion (Αἰγαίων), The Vigorous
Cottus (Κόττος), The Furious
Gyges (Γύγης), The Big-Limbed
The Laestrygonians (Λαιστρυγόνες), a tribe of man-eating giants encountered by Odysseus on his travels
Orion (Ὠρίων), a giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion
Talos (Τάλως), a giant forged from bronze by Hephaestus, and given by Zeus to his lover Europa as her personal protector
Tityos (Τίτυος), a giant slain by Apollo and Artemis when he attempted to violate their mother Leto.
Typhon (Τυφῶν), a monstrous immortal storm-giant who attempted to launch an attack on Mt. Olympus but was defeated by the Olympians and imprisoned in the pits of Tartarus
Personified concepts[edit]
Achlys (Ἀχλύς), spirit of the death-mist, personification of sadness, misery and poison
Adephagia (Ἀδηφαγία), spirit of satiety and gluttony
Adikia (Ἀδικία), spirit of injustice and wrongdoing
Aergia (Ἀεργία), spirit of idleness, laziness, indolence and sloth
Agon (Ἀγών), spirit of contest, who possessed an altar at Olympia, site of the Olympic Games.
Aidos (Αἰδώς), spirit of modesty, reverence and respect
Aisa (Αἴσα), personification of lot and fate
Alala (Ἀλαλά), spirit of the war cry
Alastor (Ἀλάστωρ), spirit of blood feuds and vengeance
Aletheia (Ἀλήθεια), spirit of truth, truthfulness and sincerity
The Algea (Ἄλγεα), spirits of pain and suffering
Achos (Ἄχος) "trouble, distress"
Ania (Ἀνία) "ache, anguish"
Lupe (Λύπη) "pain, grief, sadness"
Alke (Ἀλκή), spirit of prowess and courage
Amechania (Ἀμηχανία), spirit of helplessness and want of means
The Amphilogiai (Ἀμφιλογίαι), spirits of disputes, debate, and contention
Anaideia (Ἀναίδεια), spirit of ruthlessness, shamelessness, and unforgivingness
The Androktasiai (Ἀνδροκτασίαι), spirits of battlefield slaughter
Angelia (Ἀγγελία), spirit of messages, tidings and proclamations
Apate (Ἀπάτη), spirit of deceit, guile, fraud and deception
Apheleia (Ἀφέλεια), spirit of simplicity
Aporia (Ἀπορία), spirit of difficulty, perplexity, powerlessness, and want of means
The Arae (Ἀραί), spirits of curses
Arete (Ἀρετή), spirit of virtue, excellence, goodness, and valour
Atë (Ἄτη), spirit of delusion, infatuation, blind folly, recklessness, and ruin
Bia (Βία "Violence"), the personification of force and raw energy
Caerus (Καιρός), spirit of opportunity
Corus (Κόρος), spirit of surfeit
Deimos (Δεῖμος), spirit of fear, dread, and terror
Dikaiosyne (Δικαιοσύνη), spirit of justice and righteousness
Dike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, fair judgement, and the rights established by custom and law
Dolos (Δόλος), spirit of trickery, cunning deception, craftiness, treachery, and guile
Dysnomia (Δυσνομία), spirit of lawlessness and poor civil constitution
Dyssebeia (Δυσσέβεια), spirit of impiety
Eirene (Εἰρήνη), goddess of peace
Ekecheiria (Ἐκεχειρία), spirit of truce, armistice, and the cessation of all hostilities; honoured at the Olympic Games
Eleos (Ἔλεος), spirit of mercy, pity, and compassion
Elpis (Ἐλπίς), spirit of hope and expectation
Epiphron (Ἐπίφρων), spirit of prudence, shrewdness, thoughtfulness, carefulness, and sagacity
Eris (Ἔρις), spirit of strife, discord, contention, and rivalry
Eros
The Erotes (ἔρωτες)
Anteros (Ἀντέρως), god of requited love
Eros (Ἔρως), god of love and sexual intercourse
Hedylogos (Ἡδύλογος), god of sweet talk and flattery
Hermaphroditus (Ἑρμαφρόδιτος), god of hermaphrodites, effeminate men and androgyny
Himeros (Ἵμερος), god of sexual desire
Hymen (Ὑμήν) or Hymenaeus (Ὑμεναιος), god of marriage ceremonies, inspiring feasts and song
Pothos (Πόθος), god of sexual longing, yearning, and desire
Eucleia (Εὔκλεια), spirit of good repute and glory
Eulabeia (Εὐλάβεια), spirit of discretion, caution, and circumspection
Eunomia (Εὐνομία), goddess of good order and lawful conduct
Eupheme (Εὐφήμη), spirit of words of good omen, acclamation, praise, applause, and shouts of triumph
Eupraxia (Eὐπραξία), spirit of well-being
Eusebeia (Eὐσέβεια), spirit of piety, loyalty, duty, and filial respect
Euthenia (Εὐθενία), spirit of prosperity, abundance, and plenty
Gelos (Γέλως), spirit of laughter
Geras (Γῆρας), spirit of old age
Harmonia (Ἁρμονία), goddess of harmony and concord
Hebe (Ήβη), goddess of youth
Hedone (Ἡδονή), spirit of pleasure, enjoyment, and delight
Heimarmene (Εἵμαρμένη), personification of share destined by fate
Homados (Ὅμαδος), spirit of the din of battle
Homonoia (Ὁμόνοια), spirit of concord, unanimity, and oneness of mind
Horkos (Ὅρκος), spirit of oaths
Horme (Ὁρμή), spirit of impulse or effort (to do a thing), eagerness, setting oneself in motion, and starting an action
Hybris (Ὕβρις), spirit of outrageous behaviour
Hypnos (Ὕπνος), god of sleep
Hermes watches Hypnos and Thanatos carry the dead Sarpedon from the battlefield at Troy (Euphronios krater)
The Hysminai (Ὑσμῖναι), spirits of fighting and combat
Ioke (Ἰωκή), spirit of pursuit in battle
Kakia (Kακία), spirit of vice and moral badness
Kalokagathia (Καλοκαγαθία), spirit of nobility
The Keres (Κῆρες), spirit of violent or cruel death
Koalemos (Κοάλεμος), spirit of stupidity and foolishness
Kratos (Κράτος), spirit of strength, might, power, and sovereign rule
Kydoimos (Κυδοιμός), spirit of the din of battle, confusion, uproar, and hubbub
Lethe (Λήθη), spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, and of the river of the same name
Limos (Λιμός), spirit of hunger and starvation
The Litae (Λιταί), spirits of prayer
Lyssa (Λύσσα), spirit of rage, fury and rabies in animals
The Machai (Μάχαι), spirits of fighting and combat
Mania (Μανία), spirit or spirits of madness, insanity, and frenzy
The Moirai, or "Fates" (Μοίραι)
Clotho (Κλωθώ), the spinner of the life thread
Lachesis (Λάχεσις), the measurer of the life thread
Atropos (Άτροπος), the severer of the life thread
Momus (Μῶμος), spirit of mockery, blame, censure and stinging criticism
Moros (Μόρος), spirit of doom
The Neikea (τὰ Νείκη), spirits of quarrels, feuds and grievances
Nemesis (Νέμεσις), goddess of revenge, balance, righteous indignation, and retribution
Nike (Νίκη), goddess of victory
Nomos (Νόμος), spirit of law
Oizys (Ὀϊζύς), spirit of woe and misery
The Oneiroi (Ὄνειροι), spirits of dreams
Epiales (Ἐπιάλης), spirit of nightmares
Morpheus (Μορφεύς), god of dreams, who takes shape of humans
Phantasos (Φάντασος) spirit of dreams of fantasy, who takes shape of inanimate objects
Phobetor (Φοβήτωρ) or Icelos (Ἴκελος), spirit of nightmares, who takes shape of animals
Palioxis (Παλίωξις), spirit of backrush, flight and retreat from battle
Peitharchia (Πειθαρχία), spirit of obedience
Peitho (Πειθώ), spirit of persuasion and seduction
Penia (Πενία), spirit of poverty and need
Penthus (Πένθος), spirit of grief, mourning, and lamentation
Pepromene (Πεπρωμένη), personification of the destined share, similar to Heimarmene
Pheme (Φήμη), spirit of rumour, report, and gossip
Philophrosyne (Φιλοφροσύνη), spirit of friendliness, kindness, and welcome
Philotes (Φιλότης), spirit of friendship, affection, and sexual intercourse
Phobos (Φόβος), spirit of panic fear, flight, and battlefield rout
The Phonoi (Φόνοι), spirits of murder, killing, and slaughter
Phrike (Φρίκη), spirit of horror and trembling fear
Phthonus (Φθόνος), spirit of envy and jealousy
Pistis (Πίστις), spirit of trust, honesty, and good faith
Poine (Ποίνη), spirit of retribution, vengeance, recompense, punishment, and penalty for the crime of murder and manslaughter
Polemos (Πόλεμος), personification of war
Ponos (Πόνος), spirit of hard labour and toil
Poros (Πόρος), spirit of expediency, the means of accomplishing or providing, contrivance and device
Praxidike (Πραξιδίκη), spirit of exacting justice
Proioxis (Προίωξις), spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuit
Prophasis (Πρόφασις), spirit of excuses and pleas
Ptocheia (Πτωχεία), spirit of beggary
Soter (Σωτήρ), male spirit of safety, preservation, and deliverance from harm
Soteria (Σωτηρία), female personification of safety, preservation, and deliverance from harm
Sophrosyne (Σωφροσύνη), spirit of moderation, self-control, temperance, restraint, and discretion
Techne (Τέχνη), personification of art and skill
Thanatos (Θάνατος), spirit of death and mortality
Thrasos (Θράσος), spirit of boldness
Tyche (Τύχη), goddess of fortune, chance, providence, and fate
Zelos ( Ζῆλος), spirit of eager rivalry, emulation, envy, jealousy, and zeal
Chthonic deities[edit]
Amphiaraus (Ἀμφιάραος), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebes who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his death
Angelos (Ἄγγελος), a daughter of Zeus and Hera who became an underworld goddess
Askalaphos (Ἀσκάλαφος), the son of Acheron and Orphne who tended the Underworld orchards before being transformed into a screech owl by Demeter
Cerberus (Κέρβερος), the three-headed hound who guarded the gates of Hades
Charon (Χάρων), ferryman of Hades
Empusa (Ἔμπουσα), a monstrous underworld spirit or spirits with flaming hair, the leg of a goat and a leg of bronze. They are also servants of Hecate.
Erebos (Ἔρεβος), the primeval god of darkness, his mists encircled the underworld and filled the hollows of the earth
The Erinyes (Ἐρινύες), the Furies, goddesses of retribution, known as "The Kindly Ones"
Alecto (Ἀληκτώ), the unceasing one
Tisiphone (Τισιφόνη), avenger of murder
Megaera (Μέγαιρα), the jealous one
Hecate (Ἑκάτη), goddess of magic, witchcraft, the night, moon, ghosts, and necromancy
Judges of the Dead
Aiakos (Αἰακός), former mortal king of Aegina, guardian of the keys of Hades and judge of the men of Europe
Minos (Μίνως), former mortal king of Crete and judge of the final vote
Rhadamanthys (Ῥαδάμανθυς), former mortal lawmaker and judge of the men of Asia
Keuthonymos (Κευθόνυμος), an Underworld spirit and father of Menoetes
Cronus (Κρόνος), deposed king of the Titans; after his release from Tartarus he was appointed king of the Island of the Blessed
Lamia (Λάμια), a vampiric Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of Hecate
Lampades (Λαμπάδες), torch-bearing Underworld nymphs
Gorgyra (Γοργύρα)
Orphne (Ορφνη), a Lampad nymph of Hades, mother of Askalaphos
Macaria (Μακαρία), daughter of Hades and goddess of blessed death (not to be confused with the daughter of Heracles)
Melinoe (Μελινόη), daughter of Persephone and Zeus who presided over the propitiations offered to the ghosts of the dead
Menoetes (Μενοίτης), an Underworld spirit who herded the cattle of Hades
Mormo (Μορμώ), a fearsome Underworld spirit or spirits in the train of Hecate
Nyx (Νύξ), the primeval goddess of night
Hades (¨Αδης) God of underworld and all things beneath the earth
Persephone (Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growth
Rivers of the Underworld
Acheron (Αχέρων), the river of woe
Kokytos (Kωκυτός), the river of wailing
Lethe (Λήθη), the river of forgetfulness
Phlegethon (Φλεγέθων), the river of fire
Styx (Στύξ), the river of hatred and oaths
Tartarus (Τάρταρος), the primeval god of the dark, stormy pit of Hades
Thanatos (Θάνατος), spirit of death and minister of Hades
Sea deities[edit]
Aegaeon (Αιγαίων), god of violent sea storms and ally of the Titans
Achelous (Αχελώος), shark-shaped sea spirit[citation needed]
Amphitrite (Αμφιτρίτη), sea goddess and consort of Poseidon
Benthesikyme (Βενθεσικύμη), daughter of Poseidon, who resided in Ethiopia
Brizo (Βριζώ), patron goddess of sailors, who sent prophetic dreams
Ceto (Κῆτώ), goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monsters
Charybdis (Χάρυβδις), a sea monster and spirit of whirlpools and the tide
Cymopoleia (Κυμοπόλεια), a daughter of Poseidon married to the Giant Briareus
Delphin (Δέλφιν), the leader of the dolphins, Poseidon placed him in the sky as the constellation Delphin
Eidothea (Ειδοθέα), prophetic sea nymph and daughter of Proteus
Glaucus (Γλαῦκος), the fisherman's sea god
Gorgons (Γοργόνες), three monstrous sea spirits
Stheno (Σθεννώ)
Euryale (Εὐρυάλη)
Medusa (Μέδουσα), the only mortal of the three
The Graeae (Γραῖαι), three ancient sea spirits who personified the white foam of the sea; they shared one eye and one tooth between them
Deino (Δεινώ)
Enyo (Ενυώ)
Pemphredo (Πεμφρεδώ)
The Harpies (Ηάρπυιαι), winged spirits of sudden, sharp gusts of wind
Aello (Αελλώ) or Aellope (Αελλώπη) or Aellopous (Αελλόπους)
Ocypete (Ωκυπέτη) or Ocypode (Ωκυπόδη) or Ocythoe (Ωκυθόη)
Podarge (Ποδάργη) or Podarke (Ποδάρκη)
Celaeno (Κελαινώ)
Nicothoe (Νικοθόη)
Hippocampi (´Ιππόκαμπος), horses of the sea that have the upper-body of a horse and the lower-body of a fish
The Ichthyocentaurs (Ιχθυοκένταυροι), a race of centaurine sea-gods with the upper bodies of men, the lower fore-parts of horses, ending in the serpentine tails of fish
Bythos (Βύθος) "sea depth"
Aphros (Άφρος) "sea foam"
Karkinos (Καρκίνος), a giant crab who allied itself with the Hydra against Heracles. When it died, Hera placed it in the sky as the constellation Cancer.
Ladon (Λάδων), a hundred-headed sea serpent who guarded the western reaches of the sea, and the island and golden apples of the Hesperides
Leucothea (Λευκοθέα), a sea goddess who aided sailors in distress
Nereides (Νηρηίδες), sea nymphs
Thetis (Θέτις), leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the sea
Arethusa (Αρετούσα), a daughter of Nereus who was transformed into a fountain
Galene (Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seas
Psamathe (Πσαμάθη), goddess of sand beaches
Nereus (Νηρέας), the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fish
Nerites (Νερίτης), a sea spirit who was transformed into a shell-fish by Aphrodite
Oceanus (Ὠκεανός), Titan god of the Earth-encircling river Oceanus, the font of all the Earth's fresh-water
Palaemon (Παλαίμων), a young sea god who aided sailors in distress
Phorcys (Φόρκυς), god of the hidden dangers of the deep
Pontos (Πόντος), primeval god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures
Poseidon and Amphitrite framed by erotes and riding in a chariot drawn by hippocamps; below them are fishermen at work, with nymphs and creatures of the sea in the waters (color-enhanced Roman-era mosaic)
Proteus (Πρωτεύς), a shape-shifting, prophetic old sea god, and the herdsman of Poseidon's seals
Poseidon (Ποσειδῶν), king of the sea and lord of the sea gods; also god of rivers, flood and drought, earthquakes, and horses
Scylla (Σκύλλα), monstrous sea goddess
The Sirens (Σειρῆνες), sea nymphs who lured sailors to their death with their song
Aglaope (Αγλαόπη) or Aglaophonos (Αγλαόφωνος) or Aglaopheme (Αγλαοφήμη)
Himerope (Ίμερόπη)
Leucosia (Λευκοσία)
Ligeia (Λιγεία)
Molpe (Μολπή)
Parthenope (Παρθενόπη)
Peisinoe (Πεισινόη) or Peisithoe (Πεισιθόη)
Raidne (Ραίδνη)
Teles (Τέλης)
Thelchtereia (Θελχτήρεια)
Thelxiope (Θελξιόπη) or Thelxiepeia (Θελξιέπεια)
The Telchines (Τελχινες), sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic
Actaeus (Ακταίος)
Argyron (Αργυρών)
Atabyrius (Αταβύριος)
Chalcon (Χαλκών)
Chryson (Χρυσών)
Damon (Δαμων) or Demonax (Δημώναξ)
Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύς)
Dexithea (Δεξιθέα), mother of Euxanthios by Minos
Lycos (Λύκος) or Lyktos (Λύκτος)
Lysagora (Λυσαγόρα)?
Makelo (Μακελώ)
Megalesius (Μεγαλήσιος)
Mylas (Μύλας)
Nikon (Νίκων)
Ormenos (Ορμενος)
Simon (Σίμων)
Skelmis (Σκελμις)
Tethys (Τηθύς), Titan goddess of the sources fresh water, and the mother of the rivers, springs, streams, fountains, and clouds
Thalassa (Θάλασσα), primeval goddess of the sea and consort of Pontos
Thaumas (Θαῦμας), god of the wonders of the sea
Thoosa (Θόοσα), goddess of swift currents
Triteia (Τριτεια), daughter of Triton and companion of Ares
Triton (Τρίτων), fish-tailed son and herald of Poseidon
Tritones (Τρίτωνες), fish-tailed spirits in Poseidon's retinue
Sky deities[edit]
Achelois (Ἀχελωΐς), "she who washes pain away", a minor moon goddess
Aeolus (Aiolos) (Αίολος), god of the winds.
Aether (Αιθήρ), primeval god of the upper air
Alectrona (Αλεκτρονα), solar goddess of the morning or waking up
Aparctias (Απαρκτίας), another name for the north wind (not identified with Boreas)
Apheliotes (Αφηλιώτης), god of the east wind (when Eurus is considered southeast)
Argestes (Αργέστης), another name for the west or northwest wind
Caicias (Καικίας), god of the northeast wind
Circios (Κίρκιος) or Thraskias (Θρασκίας), god of the north-northwest wind
Euronotus (Ευρονότος), god of the southeast wind
Lips (Λίψ), god of the southwest wind
Skeiron (Σκείρων), god of the northwest wind
Zeus (Ζεύς), King of Heaven and god of the sky, clouds, thunder, and lightning
Hera (Ήρα), Queen of Heaven and goddess of the air and starry constellations
Apollo, (Απόλλων), Olympian God of the sun, light, knowledge, music, healing, and the arts
Artemis, (´Αρτεμις), Olympian Goddess of virgins and young women, of the moon, nature, hunt and the wild animals
Arke (Άρκη), messenger of the Titans and twin sister of Iris
Astraios (Ἀστραῖος), Titan god of stars and planets, and the art of astrology
The Astra Planeti (Αστρα Πλανετοι), gods of the five wandering stars or planets
Stilbon (Στιλβών), god of Hermaon, the planet Mercury
Eosphorus (Ηωσφόρος), god of Venus the morning star
Hesperus (Ἓσπερος), god of Venus the evening star
Pyroeis (Πυρόεις), god of Areios, the planet Mars
Phaethon (Φαέθων), god of Dios, the planet Jupiter
Phaenon (Φαίνων), god of Kronion, the planet Saturn
Aurai (Αὖραι), nymphs of the cooling breeze
Aura (Αὖρα), goddess of the breeze and the fresh, cool air of early morning
Chaos (Χάος), the nothingness from which all else sprang, she also represented the lower atmosphere which surrounded the earth
Chione (Χιόνη), goddess of snow and daughter of Boreas
Uranus (Ουρανός), primeval god of the heavens
Helios (Ἥλιος), Titan god of the sun and guardian of oaths
Selene (Σελήνη), Titan goddess of the moon
Eos (Ἠώς), Titan goddess of the dawn
Hemera (Ημέρα), primeval goddess of the day
Nyx, (Νύξ), goddess of the night
The Hesperides, (´Εσπερίδες), nymphs that represented a star cluster in the constellation Taurus (Pleiades) and were associated with rain
Iris (Ίρις), goddess of the rainbow and divine messenger
Nephelai (Νεφέλαι), cloud nymphs
Pandia (Πανδία), daughter of Selene and Zeus
Ersa (Ἕρση), goddess of the morning dew
Anemoi, (Άνεμοι), gods of the winds
Boreas (Βορέας), god of the north wind and of winter
Eurus (Εύρος), god of the unlucky east or southeast wind
Notus (Νότος) god of the south wind
Zephyrus (Ζέφυρος), god of the west wind
The Pleiades (Πλειάδες), goddesses of the constellation Pleiades and were associated with rain
Alcyone (Αλκυόνη)
Sterope (Στερόπη)
Celaeno (Κελαινώ)
Electra (Ηλέκτρα)
Maia (Μαία)
Merope (Μερώπη)
Taygete (Ταϋγέτη)
Rustic deities[edit]
Aetna (Αἴτνη), goddess of the volcanic Mount Etna in Sicily
Amphictyonis (Αμφικτυονίς), goddess of wine and friendship between nations, a local form of Demeter
Anthousai (Ανθούσαι), flower nymphs
Aristaeus (Ἀρισταῖος), god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing, and hunting
Attis (Άττις), vegetation god and consort of Cybele
Britomartis (Βριτόμαρτις), Cretan goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling and the hunting of small game
Cabeiri (Κάβειροι), gods or spirits who presided over the Mysteries of the islands of Lemnos and Samothrace
Aitnaios (Αιτναιος)
Alkon (Αλκων)
Eurymedon (Ευρυμεδών)
Onnes (Όννης)
Tonnes (Τόννης)
Centaurs (Κένταυροι), a race of half-man, half-horse beings
Asbolus (Άσβολος)
Chariclo (Χαρικλώ), wife of the centaur Chiron
Chiron (Χείρων), the eldest and wisest of the Centaurs
Eurytion (Ευρυτιων)
Nessus (Νέσσος), a ferryman at the river Euenus
Pholus (Φώλος)
The Cercopes (Κέρκοπες), a pair of monkey-like thieves who plagued the land of Lydia in western Anatolia
Akmon (Ακμών)
Passalos (Πάσσαλος)
Chloris (Χλωρίς), goddess of flowers and wife of Zephyrus
Comus (Κόμος), god of revelry, merrymaking, and festivity
Corymbus (Κόρυμβος), god of the fruit of the ivy
The Curetes (Κουρέτες), guardians of infant Zeus on Mount Ida, barely distinguished from the Dactyls and the Corybantes
Cybele (Κυβέλη), a Phrygian mountain goddess associated with Rhea
The Dactyls (Δάκτυλοι) "fingers", minor deities originally representing fingers of a hand
Acmon (Ακμών)
Damnameneus (Δαμναμενεύς)
Delas (Δήλας)
Epimedes (Επιμήδης)
Heracles (not to be confused with the hero Heracles)
Iasios (Ιάσιος)
Kelmis (Κελμις)
Skythes (Σκύθης)
companions of Cybele
Titias (Τιτίας)
Cyllenus (Κύλληνος)
Dionysus (Διόνυσος), god of wine, drunken orgies, and wild vegetation
Dryades (Δρυάδες), tree and forest nymphs
Gaia (Γαία), primeval goddess of the earth
Epimeliades (Επιμελίδες), nymphs of highland pastures and protectors of sheep flocks
Hamadryades (Αμαδρυάδες), oak tree dryades
Hecaterus (Ηεκατερος), minor god of the hekateris — a rustic dance of quickly moving hands — and perhaps of the skill of hands in general
Hephaestus (Ήφαιστος), god of metalworking
Hermes (Ερμής), god of herds and flocks, of roads and boundary stones, and the god of thieves.
The Horae (Ώρες), The Hours
The goddesses of natural order
Eunomia (Ευνομία), spirit of good order, and springtime goddess of green pastures
Dike (Δίκη), spirit of justice, may have represented springtime growth
Eirene (Ειρήνη), spirit of peace and goddess of the springtime
The goddesses of springtime growth
Thallo (Θαλλώ), goddess of spring buds and shoots, identified with Eirene
Auxo (Αυξώ), goddess of spring growth
Karpo (Καρπώ), goddess of the fruits of the earth
The goddesses of welfare
Pherousa (Φέρουσα) "the bringer"
Euporie (Ευπορίη) "abundance"
Orthosie (Ορθοσίη) "prosperity"
The goddesses of the natural portions of time and the times of day
Auge (Αυγή), first light of the morning
Anatole (Ανατολή) or Anatolia (Ανατολία), sunrise
Mousika or Musica (Μουσική), the morning hour of music and study
Gymnastika, Gymnastica (Γυμναστίκή) or Gymnasia (Γυμνασία), the morning hour of gymnastics/exercise
Nymphe (Νυμφή), the morning hour of ablutions (bathing, washing)
Mesembria (Μεσημβρία), noon
Sponde (Σπονδή), libations poured after lunch
Elete, prayer, the first of the afternoon work hours
Akte, Acte (Ακτή) or Cypris (Κυπρίς), eating and pleasure, the second of the afternoon work hours
Hesperis (Έσπερίς), evening
Dysis (Δύσις), sunset
Arktos (Άρκτος), night sky, constellation
The goddesses of seasons of the year
Eiar (Είαρ), spring
Theros (Θέρος), summer
Pthinoporon (Φθινόπωρον), autumn
Cheimon (Χειμών), winter
Korybantes (Κορύβαντες), the crested dancers who worshipped Cybele
Damneus (Δαμνεύς) "the one who tames(?)"
Idaios (Ιδαίος) "of Mount Ida"
Kyrbas (Κύρβας), whose name is probably a variant of Korybas, singular for "Korybantes"
Okythoos (Ωκύθοος) "the one running swiftly"
Prymneus (Πρυμνεύς) "of lower areas(?)"
Pyrrhichos (Πυρῥιχος), god of the rustic dance
Maenades (μαινάδες), crazed nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus
Methe (Μέθη), nymph of drunkenness
Meliae (Μελίαι), nymphs of honey and the ash tree
Naiades (Ναιάδες), fresh water nymphs
Daphne (Δάφνη)
Metope (Μετώπη)
Minthe (Μίνθη)
The Nymphai Hyperboreioi (Νύμφαι Υπερβόρειοι), who presided over aspects of archery
Hekaerge (Εκαέργη), represented distancing
Loxo (Λοξώ), represented trajectory
Oupis (Ουπις), represented aim
Oreades (Ὀρεάδες), mountain nymphs
Adrasteia (Αδράστεια), a nursemaid of the infant Zeus
Echo (Ηχώ), a nymph cursed never to speak except to repeat the words of others
Oceanides (Ωκεανίδες), fresh water nymphs
Beroe (Βερόη), a nymph of Beirut, the daughter of Aphrodite and Adonis, who was wooed by both Dionysus and Poseidon
Calypso (Καλυψώ)
Clytie (Κλυτίη)
Idyia (Ίδυια), wife of the Colchian king Aeetes, mother of Medea
for the complete list, see List of Oceanids
The Ourea (Ούρος), primeval gods of mountains
The Palici (Παλικοί), a pair of rustic gods who presided over the geysers and thermal springs in Sicily
Pan (Πάν), god of shepherds, pastures, and fertility
Potamoi (Ποταμοί), river gods
Achelous (Αχέλους)
Acis (Άκις)
Acheron (Αχέρων)
Alpheus (Αλφειός)
Asopus (Ασωπός)
Cladeus (Κλάδεος)
Eurotas (Ευρώτας)
Cocytus (Kωκυτός)
Lethe (λήθη)
Peneus (Πηνειός)
Phlegethon (Φλεγέθων))
Styx (Στύξ)
Scamander (Σκάμανδρος)
Priapus (Πρίαπος), god of garden fertility
Rhea (Ῥέα), the great mother and queen of the mountain wilds
Satyrs (Σάτυροι) / Satyress, rustic fertility spirits
Krotos (Κρότος), a great hunter and musician who kept the company of the Muses on Mount Helicon
Silenus (Σειληνός), an old rustic god of the dance of the wine-press
Telete (Τελέτη), goddess of initiation into the Bacchic orgies
Zagreus (Ζαγρεύς), in the Orphic mysteries, the first incarnation of Dionysus
Agricultural deities[edit]
Adonis (Άδωνις), a life-death-rebirth deity
Aphaea (Αφαία), minor goddess of agriculture and fertility
Carme (Κάρμη), a Cretan spirit who presided over the harvest festival
Carmanor (Καρμάνωρ), a Cretan harvest god
Chrysothemis (Χρυσόθεμις), goddess of the "Golden Custom", a harvest festival, daughter of Demeter and Carmanor
Cyamites (Κυαμίτης), demi-god of the bean
Demeter (Δημήτηρ), goddess of fertility, agriculture, grain, and harvest
Despoina (Δέσποινη), daughter of Poseidon and Demeter, goddess of mysteries in Arcadia
Dionysus (Διόνυσος), god of viticulture and wine
Eunostus (Εύνοστος), goddess of the flour mill
Hestia (Ἑστία), maiden goddess of the hearth who presided over the baking of bread, mankind's staple food
Persephone (Περσεφόνη), queen of the underworld, wife of Hades and goddess of spring growth
Philomelus (Φιλόμελος), agricultural demi-god inventor of the wagon and the plough
Plutus (Πλοῦτος), god of wealth, including agricultural wealth, son of Demeter
Triptolemus (Τριπτόλεμος), god of farming and agriculture, he brought agriculture to Greece
Health deities[edit]
Apollo, god of healing and medicine
Asclepius (Ασκληπιός), god of healing
Aceso (Ἀκεσώ), goddess of the healing of wounds and the curing of illnesses
Aegle (Αἴγλη), goddess of radiant good health
Epione (Ἠπιόνη), goddess of the soothing of pain
Hygieia (Ὑγεία), goddess of cleanliness and good health
Iaso (Ἰασώ), goddess of cures, remedies, and modes of healing
Panacea (Πανάκεια), goddess of healing
Telesphorus (Τελεσφόρος), demi-god of convalescence, who "brought to fulfillment" recuperation from illness or injury
Other deities[edit]
Acratopotes (Ἀκρατοπότης), god of unmixed wine
Adrastea (Αδράστεια), a daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, or an epithet of Nemesis
Agdistis (Ἄγδιστις), Phrygian hermaphroditic deity
Alexiares and Anicetus (Αλεξιαρης and Ανικητος), twin sons of Heracles who presided over the defence of fortified towns and citadels
Aphroditus (Ἀφρόδιτος), Cyprian hermaphroditic Aphrodite
Astraea (Αστραία), virgin goddess of justice
Auxesia (Αυξησία) and Damia (Δαμία), two local fertility goddesses
Charites (Χάριτες), goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility
Aglaea (Αγλαΐα), goddess of beauty, adornment, splendor and glory
Euphrosyne (Εὐφροσύνη), goddess of good cheer, joy, mirth, and merriment
Thalia (Θάλεια), goddess of festive celebrations and rich and luxurious banquets
Hegemone (Ηγεμόνη) "mastery"
Antheia (Άνθεια), goddess of flowers and flowery wreaths
Pasithea (Πασιθέα), goddess of rest and relaxation
Cleta (Κλήτα) "the glorious"
Phaenna (Φαέννα) "the shining"
Eudaimonia (Ευδαιμονία) "happiness"
Euthymia (Ευθυμία) "good mood"
Calleis (Καλλείς) "beauty"
Paidia (Παιδία) "play, amusement"
Pandaisia (Πανδαισία) "banquet for everyone"
Pannychis (Παννυχίς) "all-night (festivity)"
Ceraon (Κεραων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the mixing of wine
Chrysus (Χρύσος), spirit of gold
Circe (Κίρκη), goddess-witch of Aeaea
Daemones Ceramici (Δαίμονες Κεραμικοί), five malevolent spirits who plagued the craftsman potter
Syntribos (Σύντριβος), the shatterer
Smaragos (Σμάραγος), the smasher
Asbetos (Ασβετος), the charrer
Sabaktes (Σαβάκτης), the destroyer
Omodamos (Ωμόδαμος), crudebake
Deipneus (Δειπνεύς), demi-god of the preparation of meals, specifically the making of bread
Eiresione (Ειρεσιώνη), personification of the olive branch
Eileithyia (Εἰλείθυια), goddess of childbirth
Enyalius (Ενυάλιος), minor god of war
Enyo (Ἐνυώ), goddess of destructive war
Harpocrates (Ἁρποκράτης), god of silence
Hermaphroditus (Ἑρμάφρόδιτός), god of hermaphrodites and effeminate men
Hymenaios (Ὑμέναιος), god of marriage and marriage feasts
Ichnaea (Ιχναία), goddess of tracking
Iynx (Ιύνξ), goddess of the love charm
Matton (Μάττων), demi-god of the meal, specifically the kneading of dough
Muses (Μούσαι), goddesses of music, song and dance, and the source of inspiration to poets
Titan Muses, daughters of Uranus and Gaia
Aoide (Ἀοιδή), muse of song
Arche (Αρχή), muse of origins
Melete (Μελέτη), muse of meditation and practice
Mneme (Μνήμη), muse of memory
Thelxinoe (Θελξινόη), muse "charmer of minds"
Olympian Muses, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne
Calliope (Καλλιόπη), muse of epic poetry
Clio (Κλειώ), muse of history
Euterpe (Ευτέρπη), muse of musical poetry
Erato (Ερατώ), muse of lyric poetry
Melpomene (Μελπομένη), muse of tragedy
Polyhymnia (Πολυμνία) or (Πολύμνια), muse of sacred poetry
Terpsichore (Τερψιχόρη), muse of dance and choral poetry
Thalia (Θάλεια), muse of comedy and bucolic poetry
Urania (Ουρανία), muse of astronomy
Muses worshiped at Delphi, daughters of Apollo
Cephisso (Κεφισσώ)
Apollonis (Απολλωνίς)
Borysthenis (Βορυσθενίς)
Hypate (Υπάτη) "the upper (chord of the lyre)"
Mese (Μέση) "the middle (chord of the lyre)"
Nete (Νήτη) "the lowest (chord of the lyre)"
Muses worshiped at Sicyon
Polymatheia (Πολυμάθεια), muse of knowledge
Palaestra (Παλαίστρα), goddess of wrestling
Rhapso (Ραψώ), minor goddess or nymph whose name apparently refers to sewing
Taraxippus (Ταράξιππος), ghost that frightened horses
Mortals[edit]
Deified mortals[edit]
Achilles (Ἀχιλλεύς), hero of the Trojan War
Aiakos (Αἰακός), a king of Aegina, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his death
Aeolus (Αἴολος), a king of Thessaly, made the immortal king of the winds by Zeus
Alabandus (Ἀλάβανδος), he was the founder of the town of Alabanda
Amphiaraus (Ἀμφιάραος), a hero of the war of the Seven Against Thebes who became an oracular spirit of the Underworld after his death
Ariadne (Αριάδνη), a Cretan princess who became the immortal wife of Dionysus
Aristaeus (Ἀρισταῖος), a Thessalian hero, his inventions saw him immortalised as the god of bee-keeping, cheese-making, herding, olive-growing, and hunting
Asclepius (Ἀσκληπιός), a Thessalian physician who was struck down by Zeus, to be later recovered by his father Apollo
Attis (Ἄττις), a consort of Cybele, granted immortality as one of her attendants
Bolina (Βολίνα), a mortal woman transformed into an immortal nymph by Apollo
The Dioscuri (Διόσκουροι), divine twins
Castor (Κάστωρ)
Pollux (Πολυδεύκης)
Endymion (Ἐνδυμίων), lover of Selene, granted eternal sleep so as never to age or die
Ganymede (Γανυμήδης), a handsome Trojan prince, abducted by Zeus and made cup-bearer of the gods
Glaucus (Γλαῦκος), the fisherman's sea god, made immortal after eating a magical herb
Hemithea (Ἡμιθέα) and Parthenos (Παρθένος), princesses of the Island of Naxos who leapt into the sea to escape their father's wrath; Apollo transformed them into demi-goddesses
Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς), ascended hero
Athena pouring a drink for Heracles, who wears the skin of the Nemean Lion
Lampsace (Λαμψάκη), a semi-historical Bebrycian princess honored as goddess for her assistance to the Greeks
Minos (Μίνως), a king of Crete, appointed as a Judge of the Dead in the Underworld after his death
Ino (Ἰνώ), a Theban princess who became the sea goddess Leucothea
Tenes (Τέννης), was a hero of the island of Tenedos
The Leucippides (Λευκιππίδες), wives of the Dioscuri
Phoebe (Φοίβη), wife of Pollux
Hilaera (Ἱλάειρα), wife of Castor
Orithyia (Ὠρείθυια), an Athenian princess abducted by Boreas and made the goddess of cold, gusty mountain winds
Palaemon (Παλαίμων), a Theban prince, made into a sea god along with his mother, Ino
Phylonoe (Φυλονόη), daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, made immortal by Artemis
Psyche (Ψυχή), goddess of the soul
Semele (Σεμελη), mortal mother of Dionysus, who later was made the goddess Thyone (Θυωνη)
Heroes[edit]
Abderus, aided Heracles during his eighth labour and was killed by the Mares of Diomedes
Achilles (Αχιλλεύς or Αχιλλέας), hero of the Trojan War and a central character in Homer's Iliad
Aeneas (Αινείας), a hero of the Trojan War and progenitor of the Roman people
Ajax the Great (Αίας ο Μέγας), a hero of the Trojan War and king of Salamis
Ajax the Lesser (Αίας ο Μικρός), a hero of the Trojan War and leader of the Locrian army
Amphitryon (Αμφιτρύων), Theban general who rescued Thebes from the Teumessian fox; his wife was Alcmene, mother of Heracles
Antilochus (Ἀντίλοχος), Son of Nestor sacrificed himself to save his father in the Trojan War along with other deeds of valor
Bellerophon, hero who slew the Chimera
Castor, the mortal Dioscuri twin; after Castor's death, his immortal brother Pollux shared his divinity with him in order that they might remain together
Chrysippus, a divine hero of Elis
Daedalus, creator of the labyrinth and great inventor, until King Minos trapped him in his own creation.
Diomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan War
Eleusis, eponymous hero of the town of Eleusis
Eunostus, a Boeotian hero
Ganymede, Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the gods
Hector, hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan people
Icarus, the son of the master craftsman Daedalus
Iolaus, nephew of Heracles who aided his uncle in one of his Labors
Jason, leader of the Argonauts
Meleager, a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed the Calydonian Boar
Odysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan War
Orpheus, a legendary musician and poet who attempted to retrieve his dead wife from the Underworld
Pandion, the eponymous hero of the Attic tribe Pandionis, usually assumed to be one of the legendary Athenian kings Pandion I or Pandion II.
Perseus (Περσεύς), son of Zeus and the founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa
Theseus, son of Poseidon and a king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur
Notable women[edit]
Alcestis (Άλκηστις), daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus, who was known for her devotion to her husband
Amymone, the one daughter of Danaus who refused to murder her husband, thus escaping her sisters' punishment
Andromache (Ανδρομάχη), wife of Hector
Andromeda (Ανδρομέδα), wife of Perseus, who was placed among the constellations after her death
Antigone (Αντιγόνη), daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta
Arachne (Αράχνη), a skilled weaver, transformed by Athena into a spider for her blasphemy
Ariadne (Αριάδνη), daughter of Minos, king of Crete, who aided Theseus in overcoming the Minotaur and became the wife of Dionysus
Atalanta (Αταλάντη), fleet-footed heroine who participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
Briseis, a princess of Lyrnessus, taken by Achilles as a war prize
Caeneus, formerly Caenis, a woman who was transformed into a man and became a mighty warrior
Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
Cassiopeia (Κασσιόπεια), queen of Æthiopia and mother of Andromeda
Clytemnestra, sister of Helen and unfaithful wife of Agamemnon
Danaë, the mother of Perseus by Zeus
Deianeira, the third wife and unwitting killer of Heracles
Electra, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, she aided her brother Orestes in plotting revenge against their mother for the murder of their father
Europa, a Phoenician woman, abducted by Zeus
Hecuba (Ἑκάβη), wife of Priam, king of Troy, and mother of nineteen of his children
Helen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction brought about the Trojan War
Hermione (Ἑρμιόνη), daughter of Menelaus and Helen; wife of Neoptolemus, and later Orestes
Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; Agamemnon sacrificed her to Artemis in order to appease the goddess
Ismene, sister of Antigone
Jocasta, mother and wife of Oedipus
Medea, a sorceress and wife of Jason, who killed her own children to punish Jason for his infidelity
Medusa, a mortal woman transformed into a hideous gorgon by Athena
Niobe, a daughter of Tantalus who declared herself to be superior to Leto, causing Artemis and Apollo to kill her fourteen children
Pandora, the first woman
Penelope, loyal wife of Odysseus
Phaedra, daughter of Minos and wife of Theseus
Polyxena, the youngest daughter of Priam, sacrificed to the ghost of Achilles
Semele, mortal mother of Dionysus
Thrace, the daughter of Oceanus and Parthenope, and sister of Europa
Kings[edit]
Abas, a king of Argos
Acastus, a king of Iolcus who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
Acrisius, a king of Argos
Actaeus, first king of Attica
Admetus (Άδμητος), a king of Pherae who sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
Adrastus (Άδραστος), a king of Argos and one of the Seven Against Thebes
Aeacus (Αιακός), a king of the island of Aegina in the Saronic Gulf; after he died, he became one of the three judges of the dead in the Underworld
Aeëtes, a king of Colchis and father of Medea
Aegeus (Αιγεύς), a king of Athens and father of Theseus
Aegimius, a king of Thessaly and progenitor of the Dorians
Aegisthus (Αίγισθος), lover of Clytemnestra, with whom he plotted to murder Agamemnon and seized the kingship of Mycenae
Aegyptus (Αίγυπτος), a king of Egypt
Aeson, father of Jason and rightful king of Iolcus, whose throne was usurped by his half-brother Pelias
Aëthlius, first king of Elis
Aetolus (Αιτωλός), a king of Elis
Agamemnon (Ἀγαμέμνων), a king of Mycenae and commander of the Greek armies during the Trojan War
Agasthenes, a king of Elis
Agenor (Αγήνωρ), a king of Phoenicia
Alcinous (Αλκίνους or Ἀλκίνοος), a king of Phaeacia
Alcmaeon, a king of Argos and one of the Epigoni
Aleus, a king of Tegea
Amphiaraus (Ἀμφιάραος), a seer and king of Argos who participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and the war of the Seven Against Thebes
Amphictyon (Ἀμφικτύων), a king of Athens
Amphion and Zethus, twin sons of Zeus and kings of Thebes, who constructed the city's walls
Amycus, son of Poseidon and king of the Bebryces
Anaxagoras (Ἀναξαγόρας), a king of Argos
Anchises (Αγχίσης), a king of Dardania and father of Aeneas
Arcesius, a king of Ithaca and father of Laertes
Argeus, a king of Argos
Argus, a son of Zeus and king of Argos after Phoroneus
Assaracus, a king of Dardania
Asterion, a king of Crete
Athamas (Ἀθάμας), a king of Orchomenus
Atreus (Ἀτρεύς), a king of Mycenae and father of Agamemnon and Menelaus
Augeas (Αυγείας), a king of Elis
Autesion, a king of Thebes
Bias, a king of Argos
Busiris, a king of Egypt
Cadmus, founder-king of Thebes
Car, a king of Megara
Catreus, a king of Crete, prophesied to die at the hands of his own son
Cecrops, an autochthonous king of Athens
Ceisus, a king of Argos
Celeus, a king of Eleusis
Cephalus, a king of Phocis who accidentally killed his own wife
Cepheus, a king of Ethiopia
Cepheus, a king of Tegea and an Argonaut
Charnabon, a king of the Getae
Cinyras, a king of Cyprus and father of Adonis
Codrus, a king of Athens
Corinthus, founder-king of Corinth
Cranaus, a king of Athens
Creon, a king of Thebes, brother of Jocasta and uncle of Oedipus
Creon, a king of Corinth who was hospitable towards Jason and Medea
Cres, an early Cretan king
Cresphontes, a king of Messene and descendent of Heracles
Cretheus, founder-king of Iolcus
Criasus, a king of Argos
Cylarabes, a king of Argos
Cynortas, a king of Sparta
Cyzicus, king of the Dolionians, mistakenly killed by the Argonauts
Danaus, a king of Egypt and father of the Danaides
Dardanus, founder-king of Dardania, and son of Zeus and Electra
Deiphontes, a king of Argos
Demophon of Athens, a king of Athens
Diomedes, a king of Argos and hero of the Trojan War
Echemus, a king of Arcadia
Echetus, a king of Epirus
Eetion, a king of Cilician Thebe and father of Andromache
Electryon, a king of Tiryns and Mycenae; son of Perseus and Andromeda
Elephenor, a king of the Abantes of Euboea
Eleusis, eponym and king of Eleusis, Attica
Epaphus, a king of Egypt and founder of Memphis, Egypt
Epopeus, a king of Sicyon
Erechtheus, a king of Athens
Erginus, a king of Minyean Orchomenus in Boeotia
Erichthonius, a king of Athens, born of Hephaestus' attempt to rape Athena
Eteocles, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Polynices killed each other
Eteocles, son of Andreus, a king of Orchomenus
Eurotas, a king of Sparta
Eurystheus, a king of Tiryns
Euxantius, a king of Ceos, son of Minos and Dexithea
Gelanor, a king of Argos
Haemus, a king of Thrace
Helenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of Epirus
Hippothoön, a king of Eleusis
Hyrieus, a king of Boeotia
Ilus, founder-king of Troy
Ixion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in Tartarus
Laërtes, father of Odysseus and king of the Cephallenians; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
Laomedon, a king of Troy and father of Priam
Lycaon of Arcadia, a deceitful Arcadian king who was transformed by Zeus into a wolf
Lycurgus of Arcadia, a king of Arcadia
Lycurgus of Nemea, a king of Nemea
Makedon, a king of Macedon
Megareus of Onchestus, a king of Onchestus in Boeotia
Megareus of Thebes, a king of Thebes
Melampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of Argos
Melanthus, a king of Messenia
Memnon, a king of Ethiopia who fought on the side of Troy during the Trojan War
Menelaus, a king of Sparta and the husband of Helen
Menestheus, a king of Athens who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan War
Midas, a king of Phrygia granted the power to turn anything to gold with a touch
Minos, a king of Crete; after his death, became one of the judges of the dead in the Underworld
Myles, a king of Laconia
Nestor, a king of Pylos who sailed with the Argonauts, participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt and fought with the Greek armies in the Trojan War
Nycteus, a king of Thebes
Odysseus, a hero and king of Ithaca whose adventures are the subject of Homer's Odyssey; he also played a key role during the Trojan War
Oebalus, a king of Sparta
Oedipus, a king of Thebes fated to kill his father and marry his mother
Oeneus, a king of Calydon
Oenomaus, a king of Pisa
Oenopion, a king of Chios
Ogygus, a king of Thebes
Oicles, a king of Argos
Oileus, a king of Locris
Orestes, a king of Argos and a son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; he killed his mother in revenge for her murder of his father
Oxyntes, a king of Athens
Pandion I, a king of Athens
Pandion II, a king of Athens
Peleus, king of the Myrmidons and father of Achilles; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
Pelias, a king of Iolcus and usurper of Aeson's rightful throne
Pelops, a king of Pisa and founder of the House of Atreus
Pentheus, a king of Thebes who banned the worship of Dionysus and was torn apart by Maenads
Periphas, legendary king of Attica who Zeus turned into an eagle.
Perseus (Περσεύς), founder-king of Mycenae and slayer of the Gorgon Medusa
Phineus, a king of Thrace
Phlegyas, a king of the Lapiths
Phoenix, son of Agenor, founder-king of Phoenicia
Phoroneus, a king of Argos
Phyleus, a king of Elis
Pirithoös, king of the Lapiths and husband of Hippodamia, at whose wedding the Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs occurred
Pittheus, a king of Troezen and grandfather of Theseus
Polybus of Corinth, a king of Corinth
Polybus of Sicyon, a king of Sicyon and son of Hermes
Polybus of Thebes, a king of Thebes
Polynices, a king of Thebes and son of Oedipus; he and his brother Eteocles killed each other
Priam, king of Troy during the Trojan War
Proetus, a king of Argos and Tiryns
Pylades, a king of Phocis and friend of Orestes
Rhadamanthys, a king of Crete; after his death, he became a judge of the dead in the Underworld
Rhesus, a king of Thrace who sided with Troy in the Trojan War
Sarpedon, a king of Lycia and son of Zeus who fought on the side of the Greeks during the Trojan War
Sisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down
Sithon, a king of Thrace
Talaus, a king of Argos who sailed with the Argonauts
Tegyrios, a king of Thrace
Telamon, a king of Salamis and father of Ajax; he sailed with the Argonauts and participated in the Calydonian Boar hunt
Telephus, a king of Mysia and son of Heracles
Temenus, a king of Argos and descendent of Heracles
Teucer, founder-king of Salamis who fought alongside the Greeks in the Trojan War
Teutamides, a king of Larissa
Teuthras, a king of Mysia
Thersander, a king of Thebes and one of the Epigoni
Theseus, a king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur
Thyestes, a king of Mycenae and brother of Atreus
Tisamenus, a king of Argos, Mycenae, and Sparta
Tyndareus, a king of Sparta
Seers/Oracles[edit]
Amphilochus (Αμφίλοχος), a seer and brother of Alcmaeon who died in the war of the Seven Against Thebes
Anius, son of Apollo who prophesied that the Trojan War would be won in its tenth year
Asbolus, a seer Centaur
Bakis
Branchus, a seer and son of Apollo
Calchas, an Argive seer who aided the Greeks during the Trojan War
Carnus, an Acarnanian seer and lover of Apollo
Carya, a seer and lover of Dionysus
Cassandra, a princess of Troy cursed to see the future but never to be believed
Ennomus, a Mysian seer, killed by Achilles during the Trojan War
Halitherses, an Ithacan seer who warned Penelope's suitors of Odysseus' return
Helenus, seer and twin brother of Cassandra, who later became king of Epirus
Iamus, a son of Apollo possessing the gift of prophecy, he founded the Iamidai
Idmon, a seer who sailed with the Argonauts
Manto, seer and daughter of Tiresias
Melampus, a legendary soothsayer and healer, and king of Argos
Mopsus, the name of two legendary seers
Polyeidos, a Corinthian seer who saved the life of Glaucus
Pythia, the Oracle of Delphi
Telemus, a seer who foresaw that the Cyclops Polyphemus would be blinded by Odysseus
Theoclymenus, an Argive seer
Tiresias, blind prophet of Thebes
Amazons[edit]
Achilles and Penthesileia (Lucanian red-figure bell-krater, late 5th century BC)
Aegea, a queen of the Amazons
Aella (Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
Alcibie (Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at Troy
Antandre (Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
Antiope (Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta
Areto (Ἀρετώ), an Amazon
Asteria (Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles
Bremusa (Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at Troy
Celaeno (Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Heracles
Eurypyle (Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and Babylonia
Hippolyta (Ἱππολύτη), a queen of Amazons and daughter of Ares
Hippothoe (Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy
Iphito (Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under Hippolyta
Lampedo (Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Marpesia
Marpesia (Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Lampedo
Melanippe (Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and Antiope
Molpadia (Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed Antiope
Myrina (Μύρινα), a queen of the Amazons
Orithyia (Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queen
Otrera (Ὀτρήρα), an Amazon queen, consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyta
Pantariste (Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against Heracles
Penthesilea (Πενθεσίλεια), an Amazon queen who fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy
Thalestris (Θάληστρις), a queen of the Amazons
Inmates of Tartarus[edit]
The Danaides, forty-nine daughters of Danaus who murdered their husbands and were condemned to an eternity of carrying water in leaky jugs
Ixion, a king of the Lapiths who attempted to rape Hera and was bound to a flaming wheel in Tartarus
Sisyphus, a king of Thessaly who attempted to cheat death and was sentenced to an eternity of rolling a boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down
Tantalus, a king of Anatolia who butchered his son Pelops and served him as a meal to the gods; he was punished with the torment of starvation, food and drink eternally dangling just out of reach
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures
