Các chế độ hoà trộn (Blending modes) sẽ hoà trộn các mảng pixel từ Blend layer nằm trên xuống Base layer bên dưới để cho ra hiệu ứng Result color
Base color là màu gốc của bức ảnh (layer xám dưới cùng).
Blend color là màu từ layer trên mà sẽ hoà trộn vào màu gốc.
Result color là màu kết quả từ sự tác động màu blend color lên base color.
Base + Blend = Result
Normal
- Normal (default): Result color không thay đổi, Những gì từ Blend Layer sẽ là Result color
- Dissolve: hiện tượng noise xuất hiện ở những mảng opacity giảm
Edits or paints each pixel to make it the result color. However, the result color is a random replacement of the pixels with the base color or the blend color, depending on the opacity at any pixel location. - Behind: dfgf
Edits or paints only on the transparent part of a layer. This mode works only in layers with Lock Transparency deselected and is analogous to painting on the back of transparent areas on a sheet of acetate. - Clear: Các pixel thành trong suốt (như eraise).
Edits or paints each pixel and makes it transparent. This mode is available for the Shape tools (when fill region is selected), Paint Bucket tool, Brush tool, Pencil tool, Fill command, and Stroke command. You must be in a layer with Lock Transparency deselected to use this mode.
Darken
So sánh độ sáng (tone) của pixel Blend layer với pixel Base layer ngay bên dưới nó.
- Darken (≠ Lighten): Loại bỏ các pixel SÁNG hơn lớp base bên dưới, chỉ giữ lại các pixel đậm ảnh sẽ bị tối đi.
- Multiply (≠ screen): Cho phép layer Base nổi lên tùy thuộc màu trắng của lớp Blend: màu trắng 100% sẽ cho layer base nổi lên hoàn toàn. màu trắng càng giảm càng ít cho lớp base nổi lên, như vậy thì các mảng này sẽ tối hơn layer Base và càng lúc càng đậm dần.
Blend sẽ bị mất mảng pixel TRẮNG, các màu khác sẽ bị làm tối hơn lớp base bên dưới.- Ứng dụng: Tách nền trắng của giấy đế áp text lên nhãn bao bì
- Color Burn: Loại bỏ mảng pixel TRẮNG, làm tối và tăng độ no màu (saturation) các pixel midtone hơn cho lớp base bên dưới.
- Hiệu ứng này giả lập công cụ burn tool để làm tối ảnh theo kiểu các nước ảnh xưa. Hiệu ứng làm tăng tương phản giữa màu base và màu blend khiến cho mảng mid-tone giảm saturation và giảm mảng sáng cho ra kết quả tối hơn Multiply.
Looks at the color information in each channel and darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the contrast between the two. Blending with white produces no change.
Color Burn is a mode designed to mimic the use of the burn tool used to darken images in traditional photography. It increases the contrast between the base and blend colors resulting in more highly saturated mid-tones and reduced highlights, and an overall darker result than Multiply.
- Hiệu ứng này giả lập công cụ burn tool để làm tối ảnh theo kiểu các nước ảnh xưa. Hiệu ứng làm tăng tương phản giữa màu base và màu blend khiến cho mảng mid-tone giảm saturation và giảm mảng sáng cho ra kết quả tối hơn Multiply.
- Linear Burn: Giảm độ sáng của base layer dựa trên Blend layer kết quả tối hơn Multiphy nhưng ít satuation hơn Color Burn.
Looks at the color information in each channel and darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing the brightness. Blending with white produces no change.
Linear Burn decreases the brightness of the base color based on the value of the blend color for a result that is darker than Multiply but less saturated than Color Burn. It produces more contrast in darker colors than other Blend Modes. - Darker Color: So sánh pixel của Base và Blend layer và giữ lại pixel tối nhất.
Compares the total of all channel values for the blend and base color and displays the lower value color. Darker Color does not produce a third color, which can result from the Darken blend, because it chooses the lowest channel values from both the base and the blend color to create the result color.
Darker Color functions like Darken, but takes a composite of all the RGB channels rather than looking at each RGB channel individually.
Lighten
- Lighten: Chỉ giữ lại các pixel sáng hơn pixel lớp bên dưới.
- Ứng dụng: Tách nền đen khi ghép đối tượng trắng: khói, bột, ...
This mode does not blend pixels, but compares the base and blend colors, and keeps the brightest of the two. If the blend and base colors are the same, Lighten makes no change. - Screen (≠ Multiply): Đây là bộ lọc giữ lại màu sáng: Màu đen trong Blending Layer sẽ trong suốt, các màu khác sẽ sáng hơn. Vì vậy cho nên đây là bộ lọc giữ lại màu sáng.
Looks at each channel’s color information and multiplies the inverse of the blend and base colors. The result color is always a lighter color. Screening with black leaves the color unchanged. Screening with white produces white. The effect is similar to projecting multiple photographic slides on top of each other.
Screen produces different levels of brightening depending on the luminosity values of the blend layer, making it an ideal Blending Mode for brightening images or creating highlights. - Color Dodge: dfg
Looks at the color information in each channel and brightens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing contrast between the two. Blending with black produces no change.
Based on the dodge tool used to brighten images in traditional photography, Color Dodge creates a brighter effect than Screen by decreasing the contrast between base and blend colors, resulting in saturated mid-tones and blown-out highlights. - Linear Dodge (Add): dfgf
- Ứng dụng: các mảng màu RGB khi chồng lấp lên nhau sẽ tạo ra các màu CMY
- Lighter Color: vcb
Compares the total of all channel values for the blend and base color and displays the higher value color. Lighter Color does not produce a third color, which can result from the Lighten blend, because it chooses the highest channel values from both the base and blend color to create the result color.
Lighter Color functions like Lighten, but takes a composite of all the RGB channels rather than looking at each RGB channel individually.
Contrast
Các pixel có độ sáng >50% gray sẽ sáng hơn và pixel < 50% gray sẽ tối hơn, ngoại trừ Hard Mix sẽ làm các pixel 50% gray trở nên trong suốt.
- Overlay: Làm sáng những pixel sáng hơn (screen) và làm tối những pixel tối hơn (multify). pixel 50% gray sẽ trong suốt. Lưu ý: màu trắng Basic layer sẽ làm trong suốt Blend layer.
- Overlay làm tăng tương phản những tone >50% và <50% độ xám
- Nếu đặt 1 solid color layer màu xám 50% với BM Overlay thì nó trong suốt
Overlay works like a combination of Multiply and Screen, both lightening and darkening images by shifting the mid-tones. Dark blend colors shift the mid-tones to darker colors, and light tones shift the mid-tones to brighter colors.
Ứng dụng:
- tinh chỉnh tóc
- Sử dụng dodge và burn tool trên layer overlay 50%
- Soft Light: xcv
Darkens or lightens the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is similar to shining a diffused spotlight on the image. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened as if it were dodged. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened as if it were burned in. Painting with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area, but does not result in pure black or white.
A gentler version of Overlay, Soft Light applies subtle darkening or lightening effects based on luminance values, achieving a similar result without the harsh contrast. - Hard Light: xcvcx
Multiplies or screens the colors, depending on the blend color. The effect is similar to shining a harsh spotlight on the image. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened, as if it were screened. This is useful for adding highlights to an image. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened, as if it were multiplied. This is useful for adding shadows to an image. Painting with pure black or white results in pure black or white.
As a combination of the Multiply and Screen Blending Modes, Hard Light uses the brightness values of the Blend layer to make its calculations, where Overlay uses the base layer. The results with Hard Light tend to be intense. As with all Blend Modes, reducing the layer’s opacity will soften the result. - Vivid Light: cvbvb
Burns or dodges the colors by increasing or decreasing the contrast, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened by decreasing the contrast. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened by increasing the contrast.
Vivid Light is an extreme version of Overlay and Soft Light. Anything darker than 50% gray is darkened, and anything lighter than 50% gray is lightened. Like Hard Light, it can produce very strong results, and may work best with reduced opacity. - Linear Light: dgdfg
Burns or dodges the colors by decreasing or increasing the brightness, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened by increasing the brightness. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened by decreasing the brightness.
Another Blend Mode that produces very strong results, Linear Light combines Dodge effects on lighter pixels with Burn effects on darker pixels. It can also benefit from reduced opacity. - Pin Light: dsfdg
Replaces the colors, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, pixels darker than the blend color are replaced, and pixels lighter than the blend color do not change. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, pixels lighter than the blend color are replaced, and pixels darker than the blend color do not change. This is useful for adding special effects to an image.
An extreme Blend Mode, Pin Light performs Darken and Lighten simultaneously, creating a patchy result with all mid-tones removed. - Hard Mix: Các pixel 50% gray sẽ trong suốt.
Adds the red, green and blue channel values of the blend color to the RGB values of the base color. If the resulting sum for a channel is 255 or greater, it receives a value of 255; if less than 255, a value of 0. Therefore, all blended pixels have red, green, and blue channel values of either 0 or 255. This changes all pixels to primary additive colors (red, green, or blue), white, or black.
Creating a super-flat, super-saturated result that almost looks posterized, Hard Mix is an extreme Blend Mode that flattens detail. It provides a result using only white, black, or any of the six primary colours - red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, or yellow. Opacity adjustments can soften the result.
Inversion
- Difference: Cho ra màu tương phản với màu gốc.
Looks at the color information in each channel and subtracts either the blend color from the base color or the base color from the blend color, depending on which has the greater brightness value. Blending with white inverts the base color values; blending with black produces no change.
As the name suggests, Difference uses the difference of the base and blend colors to create the resulting blend. White pixels invest the colors of the base layer, black pixels produce no change, and dark grays apply slight darkening. - Exclusion: cvbvcb
Creates an effect similar to but lower in contrast than the Difference mode. Blending with white inverts the base color values. Blending with black produces no change.
Exclusion works the same way as Difference on blacks and whites, but doesn’t darken grays. - Subtract: sdfdsf
Looks at the color information in each channel and subtracts the blend color from the base color. In 8- and 16-bit images, any resulting negative values are clipped to zero.
Subtract drastically darkens colors by subtracting brightness. Light areas are darkened the most, while already dark areas produce little change. - Divide: Result color = 256 ÷ (Blend layer ÷ Base layer).
Looks at the color information in each channel and divides the blend color from the base color.
Divide is the opposite of Subtract. Darker colors create brighter results, while already light areas produce little change.
Component
- Hue: cvbcv
Creates a result color with the luminance and saturation of the base color and the hue of the blend color.
Use Hue to change the hues in a layer while maintaining the tones and saturation of the original. - Saturation: fdsf
Creates a result color with the luminance and hue of the base color and the saturation of the blend color. Painting with this mode in an area with no (0) saturation (gray) causes no change.
The Saturation Blend Mode preserves the luminosity and hue of the base layer while adopting the saturation of the blend layer. - Color: cbc
Creates a result color with the luminance of the base color and the hue and saturation of the blend color. This preserves the gray levels in the image and is useful for coloring monochrome images and for tinting color images.
Color preserves the luminosity of the base layer while adopting the hue and saturation of the blend layer. This makes it ideal for coloring monochromatic images. You could, for example, create a fully shaded character portrait in greyscale, and use a Color layer over the top of it to quickly and easily bring it to full color. - Luminosity: Giảm các pixel rực màu.
Creates a result color with the hue and saturation of the base color and the luminance of the blend color. This mode creates the inverse effect of Color mode.
Luminosity preserves the hue and saturation of the base layer while adopting the luminosity of the blend layer.
Multiply, Screen, Overlay, Color, and Luminosity
- Multiply:
- Screen
- Overlay
- Color
- Luminosity
Blend mode với cùng 1 layer (1 cái là duplicate của cái kia)
Chế độ Blend Mode Pass Through của 1 group có khác gì với Normal
Có. Chế độ Pass Through cho phép các layer trong group, như các adjustment layer, ảnh hưởng cả xuống các lớp bên dưới (ngoài group). Còn Normal thì các layer trong group chỉ ảnh hưởng với với nhau mà thôi.
Chế độ Blend Fill của layer style có khác gì với Fill của bảng lệnh Layer
Không.
Ứng dụng của layer gray 50% BM overlay
Tham khảo: https://www.creativebloq.com/photoshop/photoshop-blending-modes-12121462
